NO-GATS Friends

バリ会議に向けて、次のような賛同要請が出ました。MLに流れたメールを掲載します。

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12月3〜14日、インドネシア・バリ島で、国連主催の気候変動に関する会議が開催されますが、OWINFS（「私たちの世界は売り物ではない」）ネットワークでは、この会議で発表されるバリ・マンデート（Bali Mandate）において、「バリ会議で獲得しなければならないこと」（以下の英文）という提案を盛り込むことを要求する意見書を提出することになりました。（現在の不公正、非民主的なグローバル経済システム(WTO、IMF、WBなどが主導するシステム)では、気候変動に対する対策にはならず、このシステムを転換することが必要である、という内容です。）

これに賛同する方は、所属組織をかいて、ビクターさんにに送ってください。例えば、次のような簡単な英文でよいと思います。

--------雛形文書-------
Dear Victor,
I sign on the call for What Bali Must Achive.
Yours,
＜自分の名前＞
＜組織名＞
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送り先：
Victor Menotti
International Forum on Globalization
Email: vmenotti@ifg.org

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以下の英文はざっと見ると、次のようなことが書いてあります。（かなりの粗訳ですみません。どなたか、きちんと訳してくださるとうれしいです）。

気候変動に対するバン・キ・ムン国連事務局長の努力を歓迎し、支持する。現在のグローバル・ガバナンスを再考し、変えることが重要であり、新たな国際的な措置が求められている。したがって、今日のグローバル経済を変えていくために、既存の規則や制度を書き改めて、社会的に公正かつ生態学的に健全な経済を目指した社会、国、世界にしていく必要がある。個々人の解決策はすべての者にとっての解決策でなければならない。

提案事項：

−経済成長ではなく、すべての人の人権や基本的なニーズを満たすことを優先させる開発モデルを盛り込むこと。
−豊かさの基準を図るのは、現在のGDPではなく、地球が有する受容力（capacity）内で収まる経済を目指す意味のある進展（meaningful progress）を測定する経済指標によって行うこと。
−公正かつ民主的なグローバル規模の移行を支えるグローバルな貿易および金融機関を創出すること（既存のWTO、IMF、世銀など機関は否である）。気候およびエコロジー的な確かさを保証するグローバルな経済政策のための勧告を作成しなければならない。
−グローバルな資金提供メカニズムを創出すること。財政的には豊かではないが天然資源が豊富な国（途上国）が、生態学的に持続可能な開発を犠牲にせずに、その森林や生物多様性を維持できるようなグローバルな資金提供メカニズムが必要である。
−グローバル・クリーン・エネルギー基金の創設。債務帳消し、武器輸出への課徴金、投機的金融取引への課税などを通じて、金持ち国または金持ちが資金提供をする。
−石油枯渇プロトコルの採用。
−水への権利に関する国連規約の採択。
−多国間環境協定の強化。

November 2007
A Call for Climate Talks toAccelerate Global Economic and Energy Transition:What Bali Must Achieve

We, the undersigned, call on governments, businesses, civil society, and the other institutions that set the rules of our economies to lead a systemic shift to stabilize our global climate by launching a global economic and energy transition.

The December 3-14, 2008 meeting of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Bali, Indonesia, aims to agree on a mandate to negotiate a framework that will succeed the first phase of the Kyoto Protocol when it ends in 2012. We welcome UN Secretary General Mr. Ban Ki Moon’s recently reminding climate negotiators that, during the high-level event on climate change that convened in New York on 24 September 2007, world leaders made a strong call for negotiations to begin on a future comprehensive multilateral framework.

Bali must begin a pathway toward new global agreements that recognize and operate within our planet’s limits and equitably share its ecological space. Our concern is that the scope and scale of the proposals being discussed dangerously underestimate the challenges confronting us and remain far from addressing the underlying causes of today’s climate crisis.

We support the goal of creating deeper binding targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at the very least 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050, on average with solutions that place the greatest burden of adjustment on the richer nations, and the richer segments within all nations. Achieving these targets will involve dynamic actions at every level of our societies, with rich countries leading through commitments to cut emissions by increasing energy efficiency and reducing overall energy use (“powering down”), while at the same time enabling poorer nations to leapfrog over the rich nations’ dirty model of development to one that is equitable and sustainable. Adequate and equitable reductions in emissions require a fundamental reordering of priorities and the transformation of almost every aspect of the way we live. Today’s situation is desperate; for the full dimensions of the multiple crises we face, plus an outline of the necessary correcti!ve steps, see the International Forum on Globalization and the Institute for Policy Studies’, “Manifesto on Global Economic Transitions” (September 2007, see www.ifg.org).

To cut overall consumption while improving standards of living for the poor, we cannot get to where we need to be within 40 years by using current development models, measurements of economic growth, or today’s outdated rules governing trade, technology transfer, investment, and finance. Coherence in policies at both the national and international levels is essential to any meaningful multilateral effort. Immediate actions are urgently needed within the existing institutions, but we also have to rethink and transform global governance. New international instruments are needed.

To create the truly transformational change in the global economy we call on governments to include in the forthcoming Bali Mandate a work program to re-write the much-needed rules, incentives, and institutions in order to transition our villages, cities, countries, and world toward socially just and ecologically sound economies.

This parallel track of talks must acknowledge that the globe’s environmental challenges are multi-faceted and intertwined. They involve at their core the challenges of climate chaos, the end of cheap energy, accelerating species extinctions, and collapse in fresh water, fisheries, forests, and other vital natural resources and natural systems. Solutions to each should be solutions to all. These changes should aim to redefine development, and abandon economic growth as a primary goal. They must also drastically reduce consumption of energy and others resources, materials, and commodities, especially among northern industrialized nations. Incentives for conservation and re-localizing cycles of ownership, production and consumption are the fastest, cheapest most efficient means toward "powering down." We support movements toward subsidiarity that shift power away from global and national governance, and toward local economies, especially energy and food systems, as mu!ch as possible.

In addition to national governmental representatives, this track of negotiations should involve local officials, social movement leaders, indigenous leaders, and thoughtful innovators of new ideas on renewable energy and sustainable forestry and agriculture transitions. Changing international institutions can create policy space to support bottom-up initiatives and help give greater visibility to innovative steps already taken at the local level (such as “transition towns” that are rapidly reducing energy needs and shifting energy supplies; many innovations of “green cities” that are making urban societies sustainable; the Greenbelt Movement of Kenya, which combines women1s empowerment with tree-planting programs; sustainable agriculture practices that are being undermined by current international trade rules and regimes; legal innovations that give communities control over their natural resources); the national level (such as carbon taxes, green!border fees, and other programs to transform energy use); and the global level (such as the new UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the more than 200 multilateral environmental agreements).

A Bali Mandate on Global Economic and Energy Transitions can set forth a new negotiating process to solve the inter-related ecological crises enumerated above. Essential elements of a new architecture for global economic and energy governance include the following:[1]

- Articulate and implement new development models which give priority not to economic growth per se, but to satisfying basic human rights and basic human needs for all (such as survival, sufficiency, freedom, identity). These basic human needs are required for genuine human happiness and well-being, and are needed by those in industrialized nations as well as developing nations. This requires a fundamental refocusing of policy priorities at all levels of government.

- Replace today’s main measurement of economic well-being, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with new economic indicators that measure meaningful progress toward economies designed to remain within the earth’s carrying capacity. Climate and other systemic ecological crises compel us to re-set the central guidepost of economic policymaking on a course that improves living standards while conserving natural wealth. Governments should invigorate the discussions about measures that account for natural wealth and peoples’ health, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI).

- Create global trade and financial institutions so that their core mission supports these global transitions in an equitable and democratic fashion.[2] With the World Bank still funding over 15 times more fossil fuels than clean energy, and the World Trade Organization declaring how most of the measures governments are enacting to counter climate change could violate its overlapping agreements, a Bali Mandate must aim to develop recommendations for global economic policy coherence that ensures climate and overall ecological security. These adaptations should especially address current world trade rules on: 1) intellectual property which make it very difficult to transfer clean energy technologies to poorer nations in affordable ways; 2) prohibitions that restrain governments from enacting climate measures such as energy-efficiency standards or support programs for sustainable energy; and 3) agriculture that make it difficult for small farmers from developing countries to !survive in the face of unsustainable, subsidized agribusiness in rich countries. International financial institutions must shift their own funding away from fossil fuels to clean energy.

- Create a Global Financing Mechanism that enables economically poor but resource rich nations to keep their forests and biodiversity intact, and their fossil fuels under the ground, without sacrificing their own ecologically sustainable development (as Ecuador has recently offered to do with 20 percent of its oil).

- Create a Global Clean Energy Fund that would generate finances from rich nations and the rich within all nations (through debt cancellation, green border fees, or fees on arm trade, or fees on speculative financial transactions across borders) to help poorer nations leapfrog over the dirty industrial paths of most rich nations. It is urgent that effective formulas for these transfers be successfully conceived, negotiated, agreed, and implemented at the soonest possible time, before the climate and resource emergencies get truly out of control. Many organizations are already hard at work on this. All alternative energy sources and technologies must be assessed for their systemic impacts on the atmosphere, biodiversity, water, soil, and universal human rights, so as to help the public and governments better decide between false solutions and genuinely sustainable climate stability alternatives. The internalization of social and ecological cost will drive ecological soluti!ons that transform today’s patterns of production and consumption, replacing long-distance trade and absentee-ownership with decentralized economic activity under community control.

- Adopt an Oil Depletion Protocol, which creates a framework for oil producing and consuming nations to reduce production and imports to keep ahead of the global depletion of oil supplies (as Sweden, Iceland, Cuba and a few other nations are already doing). We need to reduce global energy demand. As recent reports of runaway energy demand make clear, the world needs a crash diet to curb its overall energy consumption or it faces ecological catastrophe and violent conflicts over resources. The planet’s carrying capacity must be collectively measured and monitored, with an agreed program that both decreases over-consumption and redistributes real resources and wealth to the poorest, while taking meaningful measures to slow population growth that advance the economic, educational, and reproductive rights of women. Projections of energy needs are unnecessarily high and we can close the gap by powering down and re-localizing production and consumption cycles, led by the !industrialized countries.

- Adopt a UN Covenant on the Right to Water, which will be in ever shorter supply due to accelerating climate change and entrenched patterns of unsustainable development, to clarify the role of governments to provide clean, affordable water to all citizens. The UN Covenant must recognize water as an ecological trust and oblige governments to take bold actions to ensure water conservation and water quality, as well as water equity.

- Strengthen the United Nations’ overall system of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to protect forests, fisheries, biodiversity, fragile ecosystems, and endangered species. Adequate resources for implementation and enforcement of the Convention on Biodiversity, the Convention on the Law of the Seas, the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species, and many others must be secured. Also, the legal relationship between MEAs, which sometimes may restrict trade, and the WTO, which generally prohibits restrictions on trade, must be clarified to establish a clear hierarchy of public values prioritizing people and the planet over profits for private corporations.

Just as one of the oldest global bodies, the International Labor Organization, includes representatives from governments, labor, and business, these new negotiations must involve all of the sectors of society to be effective.

We call on our governments in Bali to accelerate a Global Energy and Economic Transition.

Signed:
1. John Cavanagh, Institute for Policy Studies
2. Jerry Mander, International Forum on Globalization
3. Debi Barker, International Forum on Globalization
4. Maude Barlow, Council of Canadians
5. Walden Bello, Focus on the Global South
6. Nicola Bullard, Focus on the Global South
7. Tony Clarke, Polaris Institute
8. Randy Hayes, International Forum on Globalization
9. Richard Heinberg, author, The Oil Depletion Protocol
10. David Korten, author, The Great Turning11. Sara Larrain, Chilean Ecological Action Network (RENACE)
12. Caroline Lucas, UK representative, European Parliament
13. Nadia Martinez, Institute for Policy Studies
14. Victor Menotti, International Forum on Globalization
15. Helena Norberg-Hodge, International Society for Ecology and Culture
16. Simon Retallack, climate change author and campaigner
17. Wolfgang Sachs, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, and Energy
18. Jack Santa Barbara, Sustainable Scale Project
19. Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Tebtebba Foundation
20. the rest of you

[1] These proposals are elaborated in the September 9, 2007 paper by the Institute for Policy Studies and the International Forum on Globalization entitled: “Steps Towards a Global Grand Bargain.”

[2] None of the current institutions: the World Bank, the IMF, the WTO and their regional counterparts, were set up to deal with these environmental crises. Indeed, the actions and jurisdiction of the current global economic agencies often undermines environmental goals.